Title: Influence of sand angularity on standard test for strand bond
Date Published: March-April 2017
Volume: 62
Issue: 2
Page Numbers: 101-112
Authors: Jesse E. Roswurm and Chris C. Ramseyer
https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij62.2-03
Click here to view the full journal article
Abstract
This project explored the influence of sand angularity on ASTM A1081, Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Steel Strand. The procedure specified by ASTM A1081 uses only fine aggregate in the mixture proportions. Sand angularity is a variable of interest because it could affect strand acceptance and the reliability of the ASTM A1081 strand bond test. Four sands were tested, each of which was subjected to a full ASTM A1081–style test. In addition, the angularity of each sand sample was tested via two different methods: the ASTM C1252 procedure and a visual process guided by ASTM D2488 that included the use of a scanning electron microscope and an optical digital microscope system. Ultimately, it was determined that the angularity of the sand does influence the strand bond. This influence is generally not pronounced enough to cause a strand to fail the ASTM A1081 test.
References
Logan, D. R. 1997. “Acceptance Criteria for Bond Quality of Strand for Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Applications.” PCI Journal 42 (2): 52–90.
ACI (American Concrete Institute) Committee 318. 2014. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary (ACI 318R-14). Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials). 2014. AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. 7th ed., customary U.S. units. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
Russell, B. W., and N. H. Burns. 1996. “Measured Transfer Lengths of 0.5 and 0.6 in. Strands in Pretensioned Concrete.” PCI Journal 41 (5): 44–65.
Russell, B. W. 2006. Final Report—NASP Round IV Strand Bond Testing. Final report 06. Stillwater, OK: Oklahoma State University.
ASTM Subcommittee A01.05. 2015. Standard Test Method for Evaluating Bond of Seven-Wire Steel Prestressing Steel Strand. ASTM A1081. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
PTI (Post-Tensioning Institute). 1996. Recommendations for Prestressed Rock and Soil Anchors. 3rd ed. Phoenix, AZ: PTI.
Polydorou, T. 2014. “Determination of Acceptance Criteria for Prestressing Strand in Pre-Tensioned Applications.” PhD diss., Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS.
Riding, K. A., R. J. Peterman, and T. Polydorou. 2016. “Establishment of Minimum Acceptance Criterion for Strand Bond as Measured by ASTM A1081.” PCI Journal 61 (3): 86–103.
ASTM Subcommittee C09.20. 2011. Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates. ASTM C33. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Hawkins, N. M., and J. A. Ramirez. 2010. Due Diligence Review of NASP Strand Bond Test Method. Chicago, IL: PCI.
ASTM Subcommittee C01.27. 2008. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens). ASTM C109/C109M-08. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM Subcommittee C09.20. 2006. Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading). ASTM C1252. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Chowdhury, A., and J. W. Button. 2001. “Fine Aggregate Angularity: Conventional and Unconventional Approach.” In Aggregate Contribution to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Performance, ASTM STP 1412, T. D. White, S. R. Johnson, and J. J. Yzenas, eds. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Chowdhury, A., J. W. Button, D. Wilson, E. Masad, and B. D. Prowell. 2001. “Image Analysis Techniques to Determine Fine Aggregate Angularity.” In Aggregate Contribution to Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Performance, ASTM STP 1412, T. D. White, S. R. Johnson, and J. J. Yzenas, eds. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
ASTM Subcommittee D18.07. 2009. Standard Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure). ASTM D2488-09a. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Ramirez, J. A., and B. W. Russell. 2008. Transfer, Development, and Splice Length for Strand/Reinforcement in High-Strength Concrete. NCHRP report 603. Washington, DC: Transportation Research Board.